Retinoic acid (RA), a well-documented developmental morphogen, has emerged in recent studies as a critical molecular component in homeostatic synaptic plasticity. By contrast, homeostatic synaptic plasticity counters the runaway tendency of Hebbian plasticity, thus maintaining network stability while preserving its capacity for information processing. Hebbian plasticity is considered to be the cellular mechanism underwriting memory formation. Information processing that optimally interprets the external world is vital for the survival of an organism and requires precisely timed and well-orchestrated excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in neural circuits. Together, our study illustrates a RA-mediated retrograde synaptic signaling pathway through which postsynaptic protein synthesis during synaptic inactivity drives compensatory changes at presynaptic site.Īctivity in neural circuits is highly dynamic and is continuously subjected to experience-dependent changes due to synaptic plasticity. The RA-mediated translational de-repression of postsynaptic BDNF results in the retrograde activation of presynaptic Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors, facilitating presynaptic homeostatic compensation through enhanced presynaptic release. We show that RARα binds to a subset of dendritically sorted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA splice isoforms and represses their translation. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanism through which postsynaptic RA and RARα regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release during prolonged synaptic inactivity at excitatory synapses. Among the molecular mediators shown to regulate this form of plasticity, synaptic signaling through retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor, RARα, has been shown to be critically involved in the homeostatic adjustment of synaptic transmission in both hippocampus and sensory cortices.
No sign-up required.Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a non-Hebbian synaptic mechanism that adjusts synaptic strength to maintain network stability while achieving optimal information processing. ✅ Secure, encrypted servers for privacy.Leaked The Best Of KLa Project ZIP or RAR, MP3 or FLAC format music. It is also possible to buy "KLa Project - The Best Of KLa Project" on Amazon, Discogs as listen or rent it on Spotify, Apple Music. You can currently download the KLa Project - The Best Of KLa Project album for free in mp3, flac formats at d.
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